Ethical issues how to#
Ethical issues free#

Ethics and morals both concern precepts or principles for what governs or should govern people’s voluntary behavior, in terms of what is considered right or wrong, in particular when it could have an impact on others. Clearly, because this process aims to influence people’s views, beliefs, preferences, relationships, social norms, and lifestyles, it raises a variety of ethical issues and dilemmas related to the persuasive and influence strategies used. This process often entails the articulation, development, testing, and dissemination of practical suggestions, claims, and persuasive messages within various communication formats and media channels (including social networks) for the purpose of promoting the health of individuals and the public as a whole.

The process of health promotion communication involves various types of communication approaches and strategies to encourage people to adopt recommended health practices. Several ethical conceptual frameworks are briefly presented that elucidate central ethical principles or concerns, followed by ethical issues associated with specific contexts or aspects of communication interventions. Identifying and considering ethical issues in the intervention is important for both moral and practical reasons. There are also ethical concerns regarding collaborations between health promoters and for-profit organizations.

Interventions can have repercussions in multicultural settings since members of diverse populations may hold beliefs or engage in practices considered by health promoters as “unhealthy,” but which have important cultural significance. They can also have an effect on cultural aspects of society (e.g., by idealizing particular lifestyles or turning health into a value) and raise concerns regarding democratic processes and citizens’ consent to the interventions. The interventions may have unintended adverse effects on the psychological well-being of individuals or groups (e.g., by inadvertently stigmatizing or labeling people portrayed as negative models). Interventions using digital media raise ethical issues regarding the digital divide and privacy. Key ethical concerns relate to infringing on people’s privacy, interfering with their right to freedom of choice and autonomy, and issues of equity (such as by widening social gaps, where mainly those who are better off benefit from the interventions). With the increasing use of commercial advertising tactics in health promotion communication interventions, ethical issues regarding advertising can be raised in health promotion communication when it applies techniques such as highly emotional appeals, exaggerations, omissions, provocative tactics, or the use of children. Health promotion communication interventions invariably raise ethical issues because they aim to influence people’s views and lifestyles, and they are often initiated, funded, and influenced by government agencies or powerful public or private organizations. Turning Health into an Overriding Value and the Discourse About Health.Digital Media in Health Promotion: Issues of Privacy and Democracy.Ethical Issues Regarding Cultural Sensitivity and Moral Relativism.Using Provocative Appeals and Strong Negative Emotional Appeals.Ethical Issues in Using Scare Tactics and Graphic Appeals.Ethical Issues in Adopting Marketing Approaches for Health Promotion.Harm Reduction Approaches and Health Promotion.Personal Responsibility, Accountability, and Blame.Ethical Issues Related to Appeals to Personal Responsibility.Stipulations as to Inclusion: Participation and Deliberation.Stipulations as to Sincerity: What Are the Actual Goals?.Stipulations as to Comprehensibility, Clarity, and Completeness.Stipulations as to Correctness and Reliability of Health Information.

Stipulations as to the Truth of Health Information.Communication Stipulations for Ethical Communication: Truth, Completeness, Sincerity, and Inclusion.Ethical Approaches of Caring and Connectedness.Equity and Strategic Segmentation and “Targeting”.Obligation to Promote Health Effectively and Efficiently.Ethical Issues in Choosing Issues and Obtaining Consent.

Ethical issues free#

Respecting People’s Privacy and Their Autonomy to Make Free Choices and Not to Be Manipulated.

Ethical issues how to#

How to Identify and Consider Ethical Issues: Drawing on Ethical Frameworks and Precepts.Types of Ethical Concerns Regarding Health Promotion Communication Interventions.Introduction: Why Are Ethical Considerations a Pivotal Part of Communication for Health Promotion Interventions?.